Levelized Cost of Storage

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Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) is measured using the same formulation as LCOE but employs storage technology characteristics instead of energy production characteristics. It uses charging cost as fuel cost and discharged electricity instead of generated electricity.
(Belderbos et al., n.d.)

Where:

Symbol	Description
$Capital_t$	Total capital expenditures in year $t$
$O\&M_t$	Fixed operation and maintenance costs in year $t$
$Fuel_t$	Charging cost in year $t$
$MWh_t$	The amount of electricity discharged in MWh in year $t$, measure for the capacity factor
$(1 + r)^{-t}$	The discount factor for year $t$